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An Introduction to Research Methodology

An Introduction to Educational Research Methodology for Language Teachers is copied/taken from the main source of the book “Educational Research” by L.R Gay and Peter Airasian (Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 edition.2000) and also compiled from some sources of books and internets. I have compiled this book in the way that I have because I have become increasingly aware that issues which face anyone concerned with developing and introducing an educational research methodology.
This book is arranged in twelve chapters, of which each contains a number sections. I hope this book is useful for those who want to improve their educational research and for those, as a guidance, in doing the field research. (Download E-Book)

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An Introduction to the Theory of Translation

An Introduction to the Theory of translation is compiled from some sources such as books of translation, blogs, Wikipedia, etc. It is intended to provide students with a basic coverage of most of the topics dealt with in courses described as the way to practice translating either from English-Indonesian or Indonesian-English. Some of the materials of this book in each chapter is designed to encourage further practice or exercise.

An Introduction to the Theory of translation provides basic information about the analysis and structure and meaning of languages and about the ways in which human beings use their languages to transfer from one language to another. That is what An Introduction to the Theory of translation about, and how it should be defined.

An Introduction to the Theory of translation is intended to serve more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of translation. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be translators but who feel that the ability to translate languages related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, An Introduction to the Theory of translation is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject (Download E-Book)

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MORPHOLOGY

As reflected in many chapters in this book, English is probably the most well studied language in the history of linguistics, so that there is a vast pool of examples of both excellent description and insightful theoretical analysis to be found in the literature. Still, concepts like ‘description’ and ‘theory’ are anything but clear. The issue of what the defining characteristics of a ‘theory’ are has received a lot of attention in philosophy and the history of science. However, in terms of distinguishing a theory from a description, that literature is not terribly helpful. Even though ‘theory’ may appear to be the more complex of the two notions, there are issues also with what constitutes a description of a language.

A description of any language should contain an inventory of the building blocks; sounds and morphemes, roughly. It should also contain the rules for how those elements can be combined; phonotactic constraints, information about which differences between sounds are distinctive, how morphemes can be combined to form words, and how words can be combined to form phrases. In spite of the attention that the language has received, no complete description of English in this sense has yet been provided. To take but one example, even though there are many insightful descriptions of the English passive, the exact rules that allow for sentences such as This road has been walked onhave not been provided. The view of a grammatical description just described coincides with the original conception of a ‘generative’ grammar. A generative grammar in that sense takes the building blocks of a language and ‘generates’ all and only the grammatical sentences of that language. Needless to say, no complete such grammar has been defined, not for English and not for any other language (Download E-Book)

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An Introduction to English Phonology

An Introduction to English Phonology is mainly compailed from some sources and refereces of English Phonology to provide basic information about the analysis and description of languages and about the ways in which human beings produce their languages to communicate with one another. That is what An Introduction to English Phonology about, and how it should be defined.

An Introduction to English Phonology is intended to serve as an introduction to phonology to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of linguistics. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be linguists but who feel that the ability to read linguistic literature related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, An Introduction to English Phonology is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject (Download E-Book)

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An Introduction to English Language Testing

An Introduction to ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING for LANGUAGE TEACHERS is compiled from several sources. I have compiled this book in the way that I have because I have become increasingly aware that issues which face anyone concerned with developing and introducing a language testing. This book is arranged in twelve chapters, of which each contains a number sections. In the appendix, there are follow-up activities for some chapters. These activities are intended to be done individually, they are linked to the content of each chapter. You may find it useful to skim the follow-up activities before you read each chapter (Download E-Book)

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An Introduction to English Teaching Techniques

Practice is compiled from the several sources of the greatest teaching techniques and methods of language teaching books written by the outstanding authors. This book is prepared for those who want to learn the Teaching English as Foreign Language (TEFL) and who are concerned with developing and introducing an Introduction to English Teaching Techniques.

An Introduction to English Teaching Techniques is intended to serve as an introduction to English teaching to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to obtain more knowledge of how to apply certain techniques and skills in teaching English. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions who feel that the ability to teach English related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, An Introduction to English Teaching Techniques is written for those who have specific professional goals to be a professional teacher (Download E-Book)

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English Semantics

Start to Learn Semantics is intended to provide students with a sound, basic coverage of most of the topics dealt with in courses described as either ‘Semantics’ or ‘ The Meaning of Language’. Some of the materials of this book in each chapter is designed to encourage further practice or discussion.
Start to Learn Semantics provides basic information about the analysis and description of languages and about the ways in which human beings use their languages to communicate with one another. That is what Start to Learn Semantics about, and how it should be defined.
Start to Learn Semantics is intended to serve as an introduction to linguistics to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of linguistics. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be linguists but who feel that the ability to read linguistic literature related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, Start to Learn Semantics is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject (DOWNLOAD E-BOOK)

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An Introduction to Linguistics

Start to Learn Linguistics provides basic information about the analysis and description of languages and about the ways in which human beings use their languages to communicate with one another. That is what Start to Learn Linguistics about, and how it should be defined.

Start to Learn Linguistics is intended to serve as an introduction to linguistics to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of linguistics. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be linguists but who feel that the ability to read linguistic literature related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, Start to Learn Linguistics is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject (Download E-Book)

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Contrastive and Error Analysis

Teaching English to the Indonesian students is not as difficult as most people imagine. There is a strong belief that almost every one can do it. The experience has clearly indicated that the ideas of “Contrastive Analysis” play a very decisive role and contribute very much to the successful of doing this (Koencoro, 2006). Contrastive analysis has been regarded as main pillars in the domain of second or foreign language acquisition especially in Indonesia. Yet, not many English teachers know much about this term and it seems they have found difficulties related to how to conduct a simple contrastive analysis of Indonesian and English language.

Contrastive analysis in general term is an inductive investigative approach based on the distinctive elements in a language (Kardaleska, 2006). In common definition, the term can be defined as the method of analyzing the structure of any two languages with a view to estimate the differential aspects of their system, irrespective or their genetic affinity of level development (Geethakumary, 2006).
Contrastive Analysis of two languages in question: L1 and L2, pointing at the specific features of each language system (in its major areas: phonology, morphology, lexicology, syntax, text analysis) helps in the process of anticipation of possible difficulties with the L2 learners. A part of the difficulties can be attributed to the mother tongue (first language) interference (Kardaleska, 2006).
A systematic comparative study analyzing component wise the differences and similarities among languages was clearly recognized towards the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, especially in Europe. The term “Contrastive linguistics” was suggested by Whorf, for comparative study which is giving emphasis on linguistic differences. Meanwhile contrastive linguistics has been redefined as “a subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the comparison of two or more languages or subsystems of languages in order to determine both the differences and similarities between them” (Geethakumary, 2006) (DOWNLOAD E-BOOK)

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Start to Learn Syntax

Start to Learn Syntax is mainly taken from Bickford, J. Albert. 1998.Tools for Analyzing the World’s Languages Morphology and Syntax. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc. and it is compiled from some sources. It isintended to provide students with a structure, basic coverage of most of the topics dealt with in courses described as either ‘Syntax’ or ‘ The Structure of Language’. Some of the materials of this book in each chapter is designed to encourage further practice or discussion.

Start to Learn Syntax provides basic information about the analysis and structure of languages and about the ways in which human beings use their languages to communicate with one another. That is what Start to Learn Syntax about, and how it should be defined.

Start to Learn Syntaxis intended to serve as an introduction to linguistics to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of linguistics. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be linguists but who feel that the ability to read linguistic literature related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, Start to Learn Syntax is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject (Download E-book)

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An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics provides basic information about the analysis and description of languages and about the ways in which human beings use their languages to communicate with one another. That is what An Introduction to Sociolinguistics about, and how it should be defined.
An Introduction to Sociolinguistics intended to serve as an introduction to linguistics to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to continue the study of linguistics. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who do not plan to be linguists but who feel that the ability to read linguistic literature especially about the language in society related to their own field of expertise would be a useful skill. Finally, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics is written for those who have no specific professional goals, but who are simply interested in the subject. (Download Ebook)

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TOEIC PREPARATION LESSON

TOEIC PREPARATION LESSON provides basic skill about the analysis and description of Test of English as Foreign Language and about the ways in which students learn the skill and strategy in learning and practicing the English Competency test. That is what TOEIC Preparation Lesson about, and how it should be defined.
TOEIC PREPARATION LESSON is intended to serve as a preparation of understanding the competency test to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to deepen the TOEIC skill. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who own field of expertise which would be a useful skill. (Download Ebook)

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TOEFL PREPARATION LESSON

TOEFL PREPARATION LESSON provides basic skill about the analysis and description of Test of English as Foreign Language and about the ways in which students learn the skill and strategy in learning and practicing the English proficiency test. That is what TOEFL Preparation Lesson about, and how it should be defined.
TOEFL PREPARATION LESSON is intended to serve as a preparation of understanding the proficiency test to more advanced and more specialized material for those students who wish to deepen the TOEFL skill. It also provides a basic foundation in concepts and terminology for those students—particularly in education and the various service professions—who own field of expertise which would be a useful skill. (Download Ebook)

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Buku MAHASISWA JAGO DIGITAL MARKETING ini dirancang untuk memfasilitasi para mahasiswa pada matakuliah Bisnis Marketing sebagai wawasan dalam menjalankan promosi produknya melalui berbagai macam media social secara digital. Setidaknya mealalui buku ini bisa didapat pengetahuan untuk menjalankan usahanya terutama pada pengilanan produk-produknya (Download Ebook)